Library

GLP-1 medication library

Content review 2026-10-11.

Results come from separate studies with different populations and durations. They are not head-to-head comparisons. Study details appear here only after physician verification against the primary publication.

Semaglutide

STEP 1: Effect and Safety of Semaglutide 2.4 mg Once-weekly in Subjects With Overweight or Obesity (NEJM 2021)

Evidence under physician review

Approved indication wording and source pending sign-off.

Study: STEP 1: Effect and Safety of Semaglutide 2.4 mg Once-weekly in Subjects With Overweight or Obesity (NEJM 2021) · NCT03548935
Population: Adults 18 years or older with BMI ≥30 kg/m², or BMI ≥27 kg/m² plus at least one weight-related comorbidity (hypertension, dyslipidaemia, obstructive sleep apnoea or cardiovascular disease), and a history of at least one unsuccessful dietary effort to lose weight. Excluded HbA1c ≥48 mmol/mol (6.5%) — i.e. diabetes — and a self-reported weight change over 5 kg within 90 days of screening. Randomized 2:1 to semaglutide 2.4 mg (1306) or placebo (655); 129 sites in 16 countries.
Dose: Once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg (escalated from 0.25 mg through 0.5, 1.0 and 1.7 mg at 4-week intervals, maintenance dose reached at week 16) versus matching placebo, each as an adjunct to a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity.
Citation: Wilding JPH, Batterham RL, Calanna S, Davies M, Van Gaal LF, Lingvay I, McGowan BM, Rosenstock J, Tran MTD, Wadden TA, Wharton S, Yokote K, Zeuthen N, Kushner RF; STEP 1 Study Group. Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(11):989-1002. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2032183. Epub 2021 Feb 10. PMID: 33567185.

Tirzepatide

SURMOUNT-1: Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide Once Weekly in Participants Without Type 2 Diabetes Who Have Obesity or Are Overweight With Weight-Related Comorbidities (NEJM 2022)

Evidence under physician review

Approved indication wording and source pending sign-off.

Study: SURMOUNT-1: Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide Once Weekly in Participants Without Type 2 Diabetes Who Have Obesity or Are Overweight With Weight-Related Comorbidities (NEJM 2022) · NCT04184622
Population: Adults 18 years or older with BMI ≥30 kg/m², or BMI ≥27 kg/m² plus a previous diagnosis of at least one of hypertension, dyslipidaemia, obstructive sleep apnoea or cardiovascular disease, and a history of at least one unsuccessful dietary effort to lose weight. Excluded diabetes mellitus, weight change over 5 kg within 3 months, obesity from other endocrine, monogenic or syndromic causes, history of pancreatitis, personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma or MEN-2, significant active or unstable major depressive disorder or other severe psychiatric disorder within 2 years, and any lifetime suicide attempt. Baseline mean weight 104.8 kg, mean BMI 38.0, 94.5% with BMI ≥30. Randomized 1:1:1:1 to placebo (643), 5 mg (630), 10 mg (636) or 15 mg (630).
Dose: Once-weekly subcutaneous tirzepatide 5 mg, 10 mg or 15 mg (starting at 2.5 mg and increased by 2.5 mg every 4 weeks across a 20-week dose-escalation period) versus matching placebo.
Citation: Jastreboff AM, Aronne LJ, Ahmad NN, Wharton S, Connery L, Alves B, Kiyosue A, Zhang S, Liu B, Bunck MC, Stefanski A; SURMOUNT-1 Investigators. Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(3):205-216. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2206038. Epub 2022 Jun 4. PMID: 35658024.

Retatrutide

Retatrutide Phase 2 Obesity Trial (NEJM 2023; registry title: A Study of LY3437943 in Participants Who Have Obesity or Are Overweight)

Investigational — not FDA-approved as of the 2026-10-11 content review

Study: Retatrutide Phase 2 Obesity Trial (NEJM 2023; registry title: A Study of LY3437943 in Participants Who Have Obesity or Are Overweight) · NCT04881760
Population: Adults 18–75 years without type 1 or type 2 diabetes, with BMI ≥30 kg/m², or BMI 27 to <30 kg/m² plus at least one weight-related condition (registry lists hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease). 51.8% men (NEJM).
Dose: Once-weekly subcutaneous retatrutide (LY3437943) vs placebo, randomized 2:1:1:1:1:2:2 (placebo : 1 mg : 4 mg [start 2 mg] : 4 mg [start 4 mg] : 8 mg [start 2 mg] : 8 mg [start 4 mg] : 12 mg [start 2 mg]), escalation completed by week 12, for 48 weeks.
Citation: Jastreboff AM, Kaplan LM, Frías JP, Wu Q, Du Y, Gurbuz S, Coskun T, Haupt A, Milicevic Z, Hartman ML; Retatrutide Phase 2 Obesity Trial Investigators. Triple-Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity — A Phase 2 Trial. N Engl J Med. 2023;389(6):514-526. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2301972. Epub 2023 Jun 26. PMID: 37366315.

Retatrutide

TRIUMPH-1 (NEJM 2026)

Investigational — not FDA-approved as of the 2026-10-11 content review

Study: TRIUMPH-1 (NEJM 2026) · NCT05929066
Population: Adults with obesity without diabetes (registry: BMI ≥30, or ≥27 with hypertension, dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea or cardiovascular disease); subgroups of 574 with knee osteoarthritis and 243 with obstructive sleep apnea.
Dose: Once-weekly subcutaneous retatrutide 4 mg, 9 mg or 12 mg vs placebo for 80 weeks. Calculator uses the 12 mg arm.
Citation: Jastreboff AM, Kaplan LM, Davies MJ, Wilding JPH, Ahmad NN, Murray M, Du Y, Makarova N, Giblin K, Schloot NC, Wang Y; TRIUMPH-1 Investigators. Retatrutide, a Triple Hormone Receptor Agonist, for Treatment of Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2026 Sep 29. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2604169. Online ahead of print. PMID: 42814954.

Retatrutide

TRIUMPH-2

Investigational — not FDA-approved as of the 2026-10-11 content review

Evidence under physician review

Pending: study name, clinicaltrials.gov id, publication / source url, publication date, study population, sample size, medication and dose, study duration (weeks), primary endpoint, reported weight-loss results, safety outcomes, limitations.

Retatrutide

TRIUMPH-3

Investigational — not FDA-approved as of the 2026-10-11 content review

Evidence under physician review